Effects of red-wine grape pomace on the quality and sensory attributes of beef hamburger patty

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of red-wine grape pomaces on the quality and sensory attributes of beef hamburger patties. Both phenolic content and antioxidant activity were assessed using Syrah, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon pomaces. Following the assessment, hamburger patties were prepared with Merlot pomace at 0%, 2% and 4% for the patty quality and sensory attributes. Grape seeds possessed significantly higher phenolics and antioxidant activities over the seedless pomace (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found for phenolics and antioxidant activities within the seeds and seedless pomaces. The patty pH decreased as the pomace was added for 2% and 4%. Colour values (L*, a* and b*) of patties lowered as the pomace was added. Allo-Kramer shear force and hardness values increased while cooking yield decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of pomace. No significant difference between control and Merlot patties was found for flavour, juiciness and colour, whereas lower sensory attributes were observed for texture, taste and overall acceptability. It is observed that the addition of fermented red-wine grape pomace provides hamburger patties with health promoting factors such as antioxidant and other functional components, but it also provided darker, sourer and lower cooking yield.     

Surface energies in high-entropy carbides with variable carbon stoichiometry

The carbon vacancy in high-entropy carbides (HECs) has a significant impact on their physical and chemical properties, yet relevant studies have still been relatively few. In this study, we investigate the surface energies of HECs with variable carbon vacancies through first-principles calculations. The results show that the surface energy of the (1 0 0) surface of the stoichiometric HECs is significantly lower than that of (1 1 1) surface. With the decrease in carbon stoichiometry, the surface energies of both (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces increase gradually, which is mainly due to the weakening of covalent bonding and the decrease of metal Hirshfeld-I (HI) charges. However, the surface energy of (1 0 0) surface increases more quickly than that of (1 1 1) surface and will exceed that of (1 1 1) surface when the carbon stoichiometry decreases to a certain extent, which is primarily attributed to the greater decrease rate of metal HI charges of (1 0 0) surface.     

海洋多肽的提取纯化及生物活性研究进展

海洋生物是人类重要的食物来源，其中含有大量高质量的蛋白质。海洋多肽具有抗高血压、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等生物学功能，作为开发功能性食品和药品的来源具有巨大的潜力。本文介绍了近年来国内外利用化学水解法、酶水解法、微生物发酵法以及物理辅助提取法提取海洋多肽并采用色谱法、膜分离法将其分离纯化的相关技术，比较了它们之间的差异性，并对海洋多肽的血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制活性、抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性等生物活性以及应用现状进行了综述。     

智能数据分区与布局研究

大数据时代,数据规模庞大,由数据进行驱动的应用分析场景日益增多.如何快速、高效地从这些海量数据中提取出用以分析决策的信息,给数据库系统带来重大挑战.同时,现代商业分析决策对分析数据的实时性要求数据库系统能够同时快速处理ACID事务和复杂的分析查询.然而,传统的数据分区粒度太粗,且不能适应动态变化的复杂分析负载;传统的数据布局单一,不能应对现代大量增加的混合事务分析应用场景.为了解决以上问题,“智能数据分区与布局”成为当前的研究热点之一,它通过数据挖掘、机器学习等技术抽取工作负载的有效特征,设计最佳的分区策略来避免扫描大量不相关的数据,指导布局结构设计以适应不同类型的工作负载.首先介绍了智能数据分区与布局的相关背景知识,然后对智能数据分区与布局技术的研究动机、发展趋势、关键技术进行详细的阐述.最后,对智能数据分区与布局技术的研究前景做出总结与展望.     

超高效液相色谱⁃四极杆⁃飞行时间质谱对含PET食品接触材料中可迁移非挥发性物质的筛查研究

采用超高效液相色谱⁃四极杆⁃飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC⁃Q⁃TOF）对4类不同类型的含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）材质的食品接触材料在4 %乙酸和50 %乙醇模拟物中的迁移出的非挥发性未知物进行筛查解析。结果表明，产品在4 %乙酸模拟物的迁移风险远小于50 %乙醇模拟物，主要迁移物质为聚合单体形成的寡聚物，抗氧剂、润滑剂、胶黏剂等加工助剂以及生产加工、迁移过程中形成的非有意添加物（NIAS）物质；纯PET材质的产品迁移物质较少，多层复合材料迁移物质较多。复合材质的产品中，PET材质可能在生产时添加了己二酸、癸二酸、新戊二醇等物质，进行了改性处理；此外，部分迁移物质会与模拟物中的乙醇发生反应，生成新的NIAS物质。     

ROS-Mediated Anti-Tumor Effect of Coptidis Rhizoma against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells and Xenografts

Coptidis Rhizoma is the dried rhizome from the Coptis chinensis Franch. that has been shown to have a number of beneficial pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-cancer effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer properties of Coptidis Rhizoma ethanol extract (CR) in HCC Hep3B cells and in a xenograft mouse model. Our results showed that the CR significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells through increased expression of Bcl-2 associated x-protein (Bax) and cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), reduced expression of Bcl-2, and activated caspases. CR also increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, markedly blocked the effects of CR on apoptotic pathways. CR also induced the expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II, a key autophagy regulator, whereas CR-mediated autophagy was significantly suppressed by NAC. In addition, pre-treatment with NAC perfectly attenuated the inhibition of cell invasion and migration of CR-stimulated Hep3B cells. Furthermore, oral administration of CR suppressed Hep3B tumor growth in xenograft mice without toxicity, alterations to body weight, or changes in hematological and biochemical profiles. Taken together, our findings suggest that CR has anti-tumor effects that result from ROS generation, and may be a potential pharmacological intervention for HCC.